Paracetamol is commonly used to treat mild to moderate pain and fever in children. Many Nigerian homes keep paracetamol syrup or tablets close by for quick relief when their child is feeling unwell. However, improper use of this medication can lead to significant risks, especially when it comes to overdosing or underdosing.
The Risks of Paracetamol Overdose and Underdosing in Children
- Overdose Risk: Many parents unknowingly administer an overdose of paracetamol, especially when combining various cough, cold, or teething medicines. This is due to a lack of awareness that these medications may already contain paracetamol.
- Underdosing: On the flip side, underdosing can happen when parents are unsure of the correct dosage, leading to ineffective fever management and unnecessary doctor visits.
- Potential Toxicity: Overdosing on paracetamol can cause severe liver damage, particularly in children who are already at risk for liver injury.
Studies Show Widespread Misuse and Lack of Knowledge
In a 2012 study from southeastern Nigeria, researchers found that caregivers often relied on personal experiences rather than medical guidelines to administer paracetamol, leading to potential overdoses. Similarly, a 2023 study conducted in Lagos revealed poor knowledge of paracetamol toxicity among caregivers, with 95% unaware of its harmful effects, including liver toxicity.
Expert Advice on Safe Paracetamol Use for Children
Dr. Olubukola Salam, a consultant family physician, emphasizes that paracetamol should not be used routinely for fever prevention. It should only be given when necessary, and dosage should always be based on a child’s weight, not age. Misuse of paracetamol can lead to either overdosing or undertreating the child, exacerbating the condition.
Paracetamol Administration for Younger Children
Dr. Kemi Tongo, a consultant pediatrician, advises against using paracetamol syrup for young children. She suggests breaking a 500 mg tablet into four parts and mixing it with water or breast milk to make it easier for children to take. This method ensures more accurate dosing compared to syrup forms.
Conclusion: Use Paracetamol Safely for Children
While paracetamol is an effective medication for managing fever and pain, it must be used responsibly to avoid the risks of overdosing or underdosing. Always ensure the correct dosage based on the child’s weight, and avoid administering it routinely. If a fever persists, consult a healthcare provider for the appropriate treatment.